COMP26020p1 - Automated Compilation

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### COMP26020 Programming Languages and Paradigms Part 1: C Programming
***
# Automated Compilation

---
# Incremental Build

```bash
# Initial build:
$ gcc -c network.c -o network.o
$ gcc -c parser.c -o parser.o
$ gcc -c main.c -o main.o
$ gcc main.o network.o parser.o -o prog
```

```bash
# Assume we update parser.c: to rebuild, we don't need to recompile everything:
$ gcc -c parser.c -o parser.o
$ gcc main.o network.o parser.o -o prog
```

```bash
# Now we update parser.h, remember it's included in both parser.c and main.c, so:
$ gcc -c parser.c -o parser.o
$ gcc -c main.c -o main.o
$ gcc main.o network.o parser.o -o prog
```

- **How to automate dependency management and the build process itself?**

---
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# Makefiles: Automated Build and Dependency Management

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# Makefiles

- Let's consider the dependencies in our example program

---
# Makefiles

- Let's consider the dependencies in our example program

---
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# Makefiles

- Text file named `Makefile` in the source directory

.leftcol[
```makefile
# default rule:
all: prog

# executable deps and command to build it:
prog: main.o network.o parser.o
	gcc main.o network.o parser.o -o prog

# network.o deps and command to build it:
network.o: network.c network.h
	gcc -c network.c -o network.o

parser.o: parser.c parser.h network.h
	gcc -c parser.c -o parser.o

main.o: main.c network.h parser.h
	gcc -c main.c -o main.o

# Rule to remove all build files
clean:
	rm -rf *.o prog
#
```
.codelink[<a href="src/automated-compilation.zip" download>`17-automated-compilation/automated-compilation.zip`</a> <a href="https://github.com/olivierpierre/comp26020-devcontainer" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none"><img src="include/gh-logo.svg" style="height: 1em" ></a>]
]

.rightcol[
<div style="text-align:center"><img src="include/deps2.svg" width=400 /></div>

Rule syntax:

```sh
<target>: <dependencies>
[TAB]   <command to build target from deps>
```
]

---
class: tightcode
# Makefiles

```xml
$ make
gcc -c main.c -o main.o
gcc -c network.c -o network.o
gcc -c parser.c -o parser.o
gcc main.o network.o parser.o -o prog

$ make
make: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
```

```xml
$ touch network.c     # simulate an edit of network.c
$ make
gcc -c network.c -o network.o
gcc main.o network.o parser.o -o prog
```

```xml
$ touch parser.h      # simulate an edit of parser.h
$ make
gcc -c main.c -o main.o
gcc -c parser.c -o parser.o
gcc main.o network.o parser.o -o prog
```

```xml
$ make clean
rm -rf *.o prog
```

---
# Summary

- C/C++ application build automation and dependency management with Makefiles

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